Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Apolipoprotein E knockout attenuates vascular graft fibrosis by reducing profibrotic macrophage formation through low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein 1

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.01.029

Figure Lengend Snippet: APOE KO improving mechanical properties of regenerated aortas. Ultrasound detection of native and regenerated aortas in WT and Apoe −/− rats, respectively, on Day 30 (a) and Day 90 (b). (c) M mode images of ultrasound of native and regenerated aortas in WT and Apoe −/− rats, respectively, on Day 30 and Day 90. Arrow heads indicate movement of vascular walls. Quantification of RI (d), PI (e) and compliance (f) of native and regenerated aortas in WT and Apoe −/− rats, respectively, on Day 30 and Day 90. ∗∗ indicates p < 0.01, N.S. indicates non-significant, Tukey's post-hoc test. For each time point and each group, five different images from five different animals were analyzed (n = 5). Tensile tests and elastic modulus of native and regenerated aortas in WT and Apoe −/− rats, respectively, on Day 30 (g) and Day 90 (h). ∗∗ indicates p < 0.01, Tukey's post-hoc test. For each time point and each group, five independent tests of five different samples from five different animals were conducted (n = 5).

Article Snippet: A small animal ultrasound imaging system (VisualSonics, Vevo 3100, FUJIFILM) was used to evaluate graft performance in WT and Apoe −/− rats after implantation in vivo for 30 or 90 days, respectively.

Techniques:

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Apolipoprotein E knockout attenuates vascular graft fibrosis by reducing profibrotic macrophage formation through low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein 1

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.01.029

Figure Lengend Snippet: Downregulation of APOE by AAV ameliorating fibrosis during vascular regeneration after graft implantation in vivo . (a) Illustration of a strategy of adventitial delivery of AAV-shRNA(Apoe) to inhibit APOE levels in regenerated aortas after graft implantation in vivo . Two weeks after graft implantation in vivo , AAV-shRNA(Apoe) were injected into the adventitia of the regenerated aortas, which were then harvested for analysis three weeks later. (b) M mode images of ultrasound detection of regenerated aortas treated with PBS, AAV-shRNA(NC), and AAV-shRNA(Apoe) for 3 weeks. Arrow heads indicate movement of vascular walls. (c) Tensile tests of regenerated aortas treated with PBS, AAV-shRNA(NC), and AAV-shRNA(Apoe) for 3 weeks. (d) Quantification of RI, PI, and compliance of regenerated aortas treated with PBS, AAV-shRNA(NC), and AAV-shRNA(Apoe) for 3 weeks. ∗∗ indicates p < 0.01, Tukey's post-hoc test. For each group, six different images from six different animals were analyzed (n = 6). (e) Quantification of elastic modulus of regenerated aortas treated with PBS, AAV-shRNA(NC), and AAV-shRNA(Apoe) for 3 weeks. ∗∗ indicates p < 0.01, Tukey's post-hoc test. For each group, six different images from six different animals were analyzed (n = 6). (f) H&E, MTC and EVG staining of regenerated aortas treated with PBS, AAV-shRNA(NC), and AAV-shRNA(Apoe) for 3 weeks. (g) Immunofluorescence staining of COL I, COL III, elastin, αSMA, and eNOS in regenerated aortas treated with PBS, AAV-shRNA(NC), and AAV-shRNA(Apoe) for 3 weeks. L indicates lumens. Arrow heads indicate capillaries. Quantification of adventitia thickness (h), collagen positive areas according to MTC staining (i), elastin positive areas according to EVG staining (j), COL I positive areas (k), COL III positive areas (l), and number of capillaries (m) in adventitial areas of regenerated aortas. (n) Immunofluorescence staining of CTSD and CD68 in regenerated aortas treated with PBS, AAV-shRNA(NC), and AAV-shRNA(Apoe) for 3 weeks. (o) CD68 and CTSD double positive cells in regenerated aortas. ∗∗ indicates p < 0.01, Tukey's post-hoc test. For each group, six different samples from six different animals were analyzed (n = 6). (p) WB results of APOE, CTSD and SPP1 levels in regenerated aortas treated with PBS, AAV-shRNA(NC), and AAV-shRNA(Apoe) for 3 weeks and quantification of levels of APOE, CTSD and SPP1 in regenerated aortas. ∗∗ indicates p < 0.01, Tukey's post-hoc test. For each group, six different samples from six different animals were analyzed (n = 6). (q) Quantification of IGF-1 concentrations in regenerated aortas treated with PBS, AAV-shRNA(NC), and AAV-shRNA(Apoe) for 3 weeks by ELISA. ∗∗ indicates p < 0.01, Tukey's post-hoc test. For each group, six different samples from six different animals were analyzed (n = 3).

Article Snippet: A small animal ultrasound imaging system (VisualSonics, Vevo 3100, FUJIFILM) was used to evaluate graft performance in WT and Apoe −/− rats after implantation in vivo for 30 or 90 days, respectively.

Techniques: In Vivo, shRNA, Injection, Staining, Immunofluorescence, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Neuromodulation of Foxp2 + hypothalamic neurons induces therapeutic hypothermia

doi: 10.64898/2026.05.04.722579

Figure Lengend Snippet: a, Schematic of the Functional ultrasound (FUS) experiment design for awake C57BL/6 mice (n = 4 mice for P57 group and 5 mice for Vehicle group). b, Real-time ΔrCBV of brain throughout the experiment. c, ΔrCBV at different time periods within 20 minutes after administration. d, Real-time ΔrCBV of hypothalamus throughout the experiment. e, ΔrCBV of hypothalamus at different time periods within 20 minutes of administration . f, Different views of the 3D rendering results of various P57-inhibited brain regions in the hypothalamus within 5 to 10 minutes after administration. Periventricular region (PVR), Lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), Periventricular zone (PVZ), Hypothalamic lateral zone (LZ), Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH), Anterior hypothalamic nucleus (AHN).

Article Snippet: FUS acquisitions were collected using an Iconeus One functional ultrasound imaging system (Iconeus One, Iconeus, Paris, France) tailored for animal studies.

Techniques: Functional Assay